Acetylene is the simplest alkyne and a highly flammable gas. It poses a significant risk of violent explosion, both in its liquid or solid state and when present under pressure in gaseous form. Factors such as heat, vibration, and electric sparks can trigger explosions, which is why it cannot be safely stored or transported in pressurized liquefied form. Acetylene is insoluble in water but highly soluble in acetone. At 15°C and a total pressure of 15 atm, its solubility in acetone reaches up to 237 grams per liter, and the resulting solution remains stable. Due to this property, the industry commonly stores and transports acetylene by filling steel drums or tanks with porous materials like asbestos, which absorb acetone before being saturated with acetylene.
**Nature and Stability**
1. Acetylene has anesthetic properties that are significantly stronger than those of monoolefins. High concentrations of acetylene gas are more dangerous due to their explosive potential rather than toxicity. It can cause brain hypoxia, leading to coma-like anesthesia, though it generally does not affect normal physiological functions. Inhaling high concentrations may result in drowsiness, skin discoloration, dilated pupils, and irregular heartbeats. After exposure, individuals may experience memory loss following an incident. Symptoms usually improve quickly once the person is removed from the source. In cases of poisoning, immediate medical attention is essential. Additionally, impurities like phosphine and arsine often found in acetylene should also be considered as potential hazards.
2. Acetylene forms explosive mixtures when combined with air.
3. The compound is very reactive and participates in addition and polymerization reactions.
4. When burned, acetylene produces intense heat and bright light.
5. **Stability**: Stable under normal conditions.
6. **Incompatible Materials**: Strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, heavy metals (especially copper), heavy metal salts, and halogens.
7. **Polymerization Hazard**: Acetylene can undergo polymerization, which can be dangerous if not controlled.
8. **Decomposition Products**: Upon decomposition, acetylene produces carbon and hydrogen.
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