Analysis of banknote gravure printing technology

In 1910, the Daqing Bank Printing Co., Ltd. printed by the Qingqing Branch Printing Bureau was the first set of engraved gravure paper money issued by China. The engraving part was completed by the American engraver Haiqu. The world is widely circulated.

Gravure printing, gravure printing is a traditional way of printing banknotes. The ink-injecting part of this printing plate is concave. The ink in the concave printing is directly transferred to the paper under strong pressure, and the ink is displayed on the paper. It is a three-dimensional state, so there is a feeling of unevenness when touched by hand. The group on the banknotes is mainly made by hand-engraving, and the beautiful figure of the characters is not only a high-level art itself, but also has the function of anti-counterfeiting. Each engraver has different styles and characteristics, which cannot be copied. At present, there are many advanced copying techniques and counterfeiting techniques in the world, and it is still impossible to copy the identical banknotes from hand-carved works. Therefore, hand engraving and gravure are still a common anti-counterfeiting method in the world.

The hand-carver prints one of the most critical aspects of the banknote, so the difficulty is very large, and there is no slight error. The tool for hand carving is not a knife but a pen. The plate of the steel plate is slightly softer than the ordinary steel plate. When the engraver is working, he must take a magnifying glass in one hand and a pen in one hand. The one-line and one-line marking on the steel plate will also give up the mistakes. Someone calculated the number of dots and lines on a banknote. An engraver had to engrave a million knives on a banknote. In gravure printing, there are various kinds of faults and troubleshooting methods that are more likely to cause fire.

1 Ink overflow: The phenomenon is that the speckle pattern is generated in the full version of the ink. The main reason is that the viscosity of the ink is too low. The fluidity of the ink is too large. The printing speed is low. The ink is too dry or static. The method of elimination is to add the original ink and the adjusting agent to increase the viscosity of the ink to reduce the fluidity, and also to increase the printing speed or change the angle of the doctor blade.

2 The ink is dried and embossed in the stencil: the drying speed of the ink is too fast to cause the ink to dry in the stencil. There are many reasons for the burying, such as large ink pigment particles, foreign matter mixing, poor resolvability of the ink fixing agent, high viscosity of the ink, and too shallow ink in the printing plate. The elimination method is to reduce the drying speed of the ink, increase the solvent amount of the ink, and improve the resolubility of the ink. The foreign matter is removed to reduce the viscosity of the ink, and the hot air of the drying device is prevented from being blown to the layout, thereby causing the ink to dry in the pattern.

3 Printed blind fluff: mainly caused by static electricity, which should remove the static electricity of the substrate and ink, increase the humidity of the substrate or add polar solvent to the ink, adjust the viscosity of the ink, and appropriately increase the printing speed.

4 printing products are not good gloss: adding appropriate amount of original ink can also properly increase the drying speed of the ink to replace high-quality printing materials.

5 Poor color of the stack: The reason why the ink ink film of the first print has ink discharge property is that the viscosity of each ink of the overlap color does not match. The ink drying speed mismatch can reduce the viscosity of the ink and slow down the drying speed of the overlap ink. (Editor: Liu Yidong)

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