British scientists have successfully developed the first microwave maser that can operate at room temperature, paving the way for it to be widely used like its own "brother"-a laser, and even to the field of communication and space exploration. Bring innovation.
In fact, the world's first microwave laser was launched more than 50 years ago, but the early microwave lasers were the size of a closet, but only produced a few nanowatts of energy. Later, lasers with the same working principle came to the fore, and now they are firmly in control. The application of microwave lasers is limited to enhancing the radio signals emitted by spacecraft from distant space. The reason is very simple. Traditional microwave lasing technology needs to use hard inorganic crystals such as ruby ​​to amplify the microwave. The working conditions are extremely harsh: either a special vacuum chamber and a pump are used to generate extremely low pressure, or a special refrigerator is used to provide the temperature. A freezing environment close to absolute zero (minus 273.15 degrees Celsius); in addition, a strong magnetic field is also essential, and this is inseparable from the giant magnet.
Now, the latest microwave lasers presented by the research team of the British National Physics Laboratory and Imperial College London can not only work at room temperature, but also do not require an external magnetic field. This breakthrough means that the production and operating costs of microwave lasers can be greatly reduced, making it as widely used as laser technology, such as manufacturing more sensitive medical scanning instruments and chemical sensors for remote detection of explosives, and developing quantum Low-noise readout mechanisms used by computers and more efficient radio telescopes to detect extraterrestrial life.
The researchers used a completely different type of crystal-p-terphenyl doped with pentacene to replace ruby. The pentacene dopant makes the originally colorless p-terphenyl crystals reveal a strong pale pink color, which looks like a ruby ​​and is only a few centimeters in size. They used an old medical laser to excite the pentacene molecule to the metastable energy level, and then a microwave passed through the crystal. After the molecule was excited, it released a microbeam of the same wavelength. Mark Oaksboro, one of the authors of the research paper and a physicist at the National Physics Laboratory in the UK, said that the signal strength emitted is almost 100 million times that of existing microwave lasers.
At present, researchers are facing two major challenges: one is to allow the microwave laser to work continuously because it can only be launched in pulse mode within 1 second at a time; the second is to strive to expand the microwave frequency range, which will make the technology have Greater application potential.
In the long run, the research team has many other goals to achieve, including screening out other materials that can radiate microwaves at room temperature but consume less energy than pentacene-doped p-terphenyl crystals, and the design is more compact. , A more portable microwave laser, etc.
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