With the growing popularity of swimming pools, the tiling process requires careful planning and execution. It involves six key steps to ensure a professional and long-lasting finish.
First, it's essential to understand the exact dimensions of the pool structure. For a standard 50-meter competition pool, the actual size must be slightly larger to account for tolerances. The pool should measure 50 meters by 25 meters or 50 meters by 21 meters. The walls at both ends should extend from the water surface up to 30 cm and down to 80 cm below the surface. The length tolerance is set at +0.01 meters, but after installing an automatic timing touch panel, the maximum allowable error increases to +0.03 meters. When calculating the renovation allowance, you need to consider the thickness of the ceramic tiles, adhesive, leveling mortar, waterproof layer, and electronic contact plates. This total should be around 50 (or 25) meters plus 0.11 to 0.13 meters, depending on whether a touch panel is installed. The side walls can have a small margin of error, up to ±2 cm.
Second, choosing an effective waterproofing method is crucial. High-strength impervious concrete should be used during the pouring process, and proper curing is necessary before conducting a water test to check for leaks. Cement-based crystalline waterproof materials are ideal for the inner walls, as they help bond the tile to the cement mortar. All adhesives, grouts, and sealants should also be waterproof to prevent moisture damage.
Third, ensuring a level and accurate surface is important. After the pool’s inner walls are leveled, the final dimensions should be slightly adjusted to accommodate the tiles and adhesive layers. The total length should be 50 meters (or 25 meters) plus 0.06 meters. The walls must be parallel and perpendicular, with minimal errors—no more than ±2 mm per square meter. The depth of the pool should align with the module of the special tiles used, based on the intended purpose.
Fourth, setting up the baseline and positioning lines is the next step. Once the inner walls are properly leveled, they should be left to cure for a week. Before tiling, the centerline of the pool body should be marked, and the end walls of a 25-meter pool should be divided into sections. A grid system is then created using 1m squares and smaller 125x250mm grids. This helps maintain accuracy and prevents cumulative errors during the tiling process.
Fifth, the tiling order should begin at one end of the pool and move across to the other. Standard competition pool tiles are laid in a specific pattern, following the lane marking lines. Each tile measures 244x119 mm with a 6mm joint. Approximately 32 tiles are used per square meter. It's important to check the X and Y-axis lines every few meters to avoid misalignment.
Finally, the adhesive mixing and application must be done correctly. The surface should be clean, free of dust and oil. The adhesive is spread evenly with a 10mm notched trowel, and the thickness should be between 7-8 mm. Tiling should begin within 15 minutes of applying the adhesive. Tiles should not be pre-applied over large areas, and they should not be placed until the adhesive is fully bonded. During installation, the tiles should be checked for size and evenness, and any uneven areas should be adjusted with a rubber float.
At the ends of the pool walls, anti-slip tiles should be applied from 300 mm above the water surface to 800 mm below. The completed surfaces must meet competition standards, with a length error no greater than 50 meters +0.03 meters. On both sides of the pool, non-slip pit-patterned bricks should be used, and the level error must not exceed ±2 mm, especially in counter-current pools.
Tiles must be allowed to set for at least two days before the pool is filled. Sealing the joints should be done with a conventional method, and a special tool should be used to compact the sealant. Any excess adhesive or caulk that comes into contact with the tiles should be removed immediately with a damp cloth.
After one week of curing, the pool is ready for use. With proper planning and attention to detail, the tiling process ensures a durable and aesthetically pleasing result.
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