There are many varieties of centrifuges. According to different speeds, they can be divided into low-speed centrifuges, high-speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges. Low-speed centrifuges with speed less than 6000r/min, high-speed centrifuges below 25000r/min, and over 30000r /min is an ultracentrifuge; depending on the temperature control, it can be divided into a refrigerated centrifuge and a common centrifuge. The refrigerated centrifuge has a refrigeration system that can control the temperature to a minimum of -20 ° C. The ordinary centrifuge does not have a refrigeration system; Different uses, it is also possible to divide the centrifuge into a parsing centrifuge and a preparation centrifuge.
Commonly used electric centrifuges in the laboratory include low-speed, high-speed centrifuges and low-speed, high-speed refrigerated centrifuges, as well as overspeed analysis and preparation of dual-purpose refrigerated centrifuges. Among them, low-speed (including large-capacity) centrifuges and high-speed refrigerated centrifuges are the most common applications, and are essential tools for biochemical laboratories to prepare biomolecules separately.
1 ordinary (non-frozen) centrifuge
This kind of centrifuge is simple in structure and can be divided into two types: small table and floor type. It is equipped with drive motor, governor, timer, etc., and it is easy to operate. The speed of the low-speed centrifuge generally does not exceed 4000 rpm, and the maximum speed of the desktop high-speed centrifuge can reach 18000 rpm.
2 low speed refrigerated centrifuge
The normal speed does not exceed 4000 rpm, the maximum capacity is 2~4L, which is most commonly used in the laboratory to extract biological macromolecules and sediments. The rotary pan and angle type two kinds of centrifuge tubes made of aluminum alloy have various types of hard glass, polyethylene hard plastic and stainless steel pipe. The centrifuge is equipped with a drive motor, timer, regulator (speed indication) and refrigeration system (temperature adjustable range -20~+40°C), which can be changed according to the needs of centrifugal materials. .
3 high speed refrigerated centrifuge
The speed can reach more than 20,000 rpm. In addition to the performance and construction of the low-speed refrigerated centrifuge, the angle rotor used in the high-speed centrifuge is made of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy. The centrifuge tube is a polyethylene hard plastic product with a cover. Such centrifuges are often used to collect microorganisms, cell debris, cells, large organelles, sulfate precipitates, and immunoprecipitates.
4 ultracentrifuge
The rotational speed can reach 30,000 rpm or more, and the subcellular organelle can be classified and used for the measurement of the molecular weight of proteins and nucleic acids. The rotor is made of high-strength titanium alloy, which can be changed according to the needs of different speed and different types of speed rotor. There are two types of ultracentrifuge drive motors, one for the FM motor to directly increase the speed, and the other for the speed increase through the gearbox. In order to prevent the drive motor from generating heat during high-speed operation, it is equipped with a cooling drive motor system (air-cooled, water-cooled), a speed limiter, a chronograph, a speed recorder, and the like. In addition, the ultracentrifuge is equipped with an evacuation system.
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