After the founding of New China in 1949, Beijing, as the capital of the Republic, became a political and cultural center of the country. It was also the center of national research, education, and publishing. The party and government attach great importance to the construction and development of the printing industry, especially the book printing industry. Since 1950, they have invested huge sums of money and have established a batch of professional printing houses for books and periodicals in Beijing, especially since the reform and opening up. It has developed rapidly. With the strong support of the government, it has continuously introduced foreign advanced printing technologies and equipment, transformed old printing companies, and continued to build new printing plants. After more than 40 years of hard work, printing companies in the Beijing area have grown from 280 in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China to more than 1,800 today. Over 20 years of reform and opening up, the development has been particularly prominent. This has enabled the capital printing industry to have a considerable scale. It has become a state-owned, collective, joint-stock system, and “three types of funds†and other economical components. Urban and rural areas have co-presented important modern urban industries that meet the needs of the market economy, and have become general Black and white printing, binding to multi-color printed books and periodicals, parts, high-grade hardcover packaging prints, and a wide range of urban industrial systems.
First, books, newspapers, magazines, packaging and printing technology have been fully developed. The development of book printing technology has deepened reform and opening up, and the number and variety of books, newspapers, magazines and other publications have gradually increased.
Beijing's printing companies strengthened their technological transformation in the early 1980s, and some large and medium-sized printing companies established manual photocopying workshops to make the transition from letterpress to offset printing. In the mid-1980s, the successful development of the Huaguang electron laser photocopying technology led to a leap of reform in China's photocopying technology, and the development of manual photocopying and laser photocopying technology, which drastically increased the amount of word arrangement. In the early 1990s, book printing companies basically eliminated the lead discharge process. Large and medium-sized enterprises generally adopted electronic laser photocopying technology and bid farewell to "lead and fire."
In terms of color platemaking, the printing industry in Beijing began to introduce electronic color separation machines in the mid-1960s. In the 1980s, different types of electronic color separation machines were introduced from Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan, which resulted in a major reform of the Beijing platemaking technology. The success of the color desktop printing system developed by Peking University Founder Group in the early 1990s broke the long-term monopoly of China's color printing market by foreign electronic color separation machines and raised China's domestic color plate making to a new level. Since the mid-1990s, Beijing has basically eliminated the pure electronic color separation process, completely changed the backwardness of the prepress color printing in Beijing, and raised the Beijing color platemaking technology to a level close to the world level, meeting the requirements of high-grade color printing products. .
The major reform of typesetting technology will inevitably bring about new breakthroughs in printing technology. With the promotion of laser photocopying technology, offset printing has continued to develop, and lead printing has been completed in the early 1990s. The Beijing book printing companies have eliminated all lead and lead printing at the end of the 20th century. At present, the color printing capability of multi-color offset presses of printing companies has fully met the needs of society, and the quality of printing has also been continuously improved.
Beijing's post-press processing technology began in the mid-1980s with the development of high-grade, high-precision, and sharp-headed processing in the country from the single variety to the first. In the 1990s, the company introduced the production line of hardcover bindings such as KOLBUS, Martini Paperback Wireless. The foreign equipment such as the glue-binding linkage production line and the foreign equipment are combined with multiple advanced single-machines at the same time, which meets the needs of the short-lived editions of the publication in Beijing, the large number of special editions, and the demand for elaborate products and hardcover books, greatly shortening the printing production cycle. Binding quality has greatly improved.
In the past 20 years, Beijing's book printing industry has made major achievements in the progress of printing, printing and packaging. The period of book publishing has been shortened from five months to 30 days (7-10 days in special cases). The quality of printed products has greatly improved, and the quality of some of the printed products has approached or reached the level of advanced countries and Hong Kong in China, and has been published in recent years. The great works "Encyclopedia of China," "Chinese Dictionary," and "Complete Collection of Chinese Fine Arts" have produced important influence at home and abroad.
2. Development of newspaper printing technology Beijing has centralized central ministries and commissions, universities and colleges, military and municipal major newspaper printing houses, and has been responsible for printing and binding tasks for 267 kinds of newspapers, 2,427 periodicals, and more than 1,200 internal information publications. China News Press Publication, Printing, Distribution Center. Since the "7th Five-Year Plan," the state has formulated a Beijing-centered news and newspaper printing technology transformation plan aimed at arming Beijing's major newspaper printing plants with the most advanced technology to meet the needs of the press and publishing industry. In the early 1980s, the People's Daily Printing Factory introduced an ultra-high speed offset printing press, which provided experience for Beijing to offset the newspaper. After 1985, Beijing Xinhua Printing Factory, Economic Daily Printing Factory, and Beijing Daily Printing Factory gradually adopted the laser photocopying system and eliminated the lead printing equipment. By the end of the 1980s, the Beijing Daily Printing Factory adopted laser photocopying to achieve the transition from heat to cold, from lead printing to offset printing. In recent years, advanced newspaper printing equipment has increased rapidly. The introduction of multi-color rotary offset presses has been the most prominent. The major and medium-sized machines that have been introduced successively include the world famous brand products such as Gaussian and Roland. After 20 years of technological transformation, Beijing newspaper printing plants have undergone earth-shaking changes. The volume of newspapers has increased, and color newspapers have been greatly developed, and they have continued to develop on both sides of color. The progress of printing technology in Beijing's newspapers has enabled Beijing's newspaper printing technology to approach the world's advanced level.
3. The development of packaging and printing technology In the past, packaging and printing in Beijing was lagging behind. The quality of products was low, the variety was poor, the technology and equipment were poor, and the production capacity was seriously inadequate. In order to adapt to the development of the socialist market economy, Beijing's packaging and printing industry has received the attention of the relevant government departments and spent huge sums of money to speed up the transformation of the technology. After 20 years of hard work, it has introduced thick-paper multi-color offset printing presses and high-grade unit type flexographic printing production lines. , electronic color separation machine, color desktop system, gravure printing machine, no film electronic engraving machine, corrugated paper electronic production line, and advanced technical finishing equipment, such as die-cutting indentation, gluing, polishing and other equipment, have greatly changed Beijing's packaging and printing industry has fallen behind. The production methods have shifted from the manual operation in the past to the development of mechanization and automation. The printing technology has been mainly printed by letterpress printing in the past, and has gradually changed into computer-based printing, multi-color offset printing, flexo printing, and gravure printing. It has also increased self-adhesive printing and screen printing. Printing, transfer printing, composite packaging printing, laser holographic printing and other new processes.
Beijing Packaging and Printing has now established a new industrial system with a relatively complete range of categories, divided into five major categories by product: printing, carton carton, printing cans, plastics and composite packaging, and carton processing machinery. The city's light industry, textile, food, tobacco and tobacco, medicine, daily chemical, clothing, electronics and other industries supporting services.
In recent years, under the drive of market demand, some printing and printing plants in Beijing have also adjusted their production structure and developed the packaging and decoration printing industry. Printing companies such as Beijing Offset Printing Factory, Beijing Xinhua Printing Factory, Beijing Printing One Factory, Beijing Foreign Language Printing Factory, Beijing Baihua Printing Co., Ltd., Chemical Industry Press Printing Factory, 1201 Factory, etc. have also introduced thick paper type to meet market demand. Offset printing presses, automatic die cutting machines, automatic folder-gluers, flexo printing production lines, etc., carried out color carton printing, trademark printing and other business, and also established some Sino-foreign joint venture packaging companies, so that Beijing packaging and decorating printing production capacity A new level.
4. The development of rapid printing technology After more than 20 years of development, Beijing rapid printing has gone from desktop offset printers, floor-standing offset printers, computer-controlled color offset printers to today's digital printing presses, and a wide variety of equipment and formats. .
At the beginning of the 1990s, international digital printing, Beijing has introduced multiple digital presses, which greatly developed the Beijing fast color printing market. However, due to the current import of digital printers and the relatively high prices of products, there is no fundamental impact on the light printing market, which is dominated by small offset printers. However, the development trend cannot be underestimated. Digital printing technology is bound to Instead of traditional offset printing.
After several major technological transformations and the introduction of climaxes, Beijing's printing industry has achieved considerable development despite significant improvements in its overall level. However, there are still problems. The overall level of printing technology and equipment as an international metropolis is still lower than that of developed countries. There is a big gap. The general level of printing quality of Beijing books and periodicals is not high, the level of low-level printing capacity is excessive, the high-quality color printing capacity is insufficient, and many high-grade prints have been exported to developed regions such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. Most of the existing state-owned printing enterprises use prepress processing equipment. The rate is not high and there is insufficient living resources. There are still problems with individual varieties of books and textbooks.
The reasons are as follows: First, due to the large number of short-lived print jobs in the printing market in recent years, there have been a lot of changes in specifications, which has greatly reduced the utilization rate of high-speed bookbinding production lines and caused many imported binding lines to idle. The second is the binding of large batches of live sources into the outdated and technically backward binding factories in the Beijing area. These enterprises have used their cheap labor to manually bind books, resulting in a large number of poor quality books and periodicals.
The overall size of Beijing's packaging and printing industry is small, and its ability to produce high-end products is insufficient. The overall capacity of packaging and printing is incompatible with the status as an international metropolis and its rapid economic development.
Second, the development direction of Beijing printing industry in the new century The development of printing industry in Beijing is not only very necessary, but also has great market potential and unique conditions. Beijing is the political and cultural center of the country. It has centralized national, party, government, and military agencies, and major scientific research institutes. Beijing is the country's largest publishing base, with more than 40% of publishers in the country, 24% of periodical publications, and books. The type and volume of newspapers and periodicals publications account for about 20%-30% of the country; Beijing is the country's international communication center, which has gathered foreign diplomatic missions in China, more than 5,000 representative offices of foreign companies, and more than 10,000 foreign-funded enterprises. Each year, there are a large number of international and domestic conferences and exhibitions, as well as various economic, cultural, scientific and technological and commercial exchange activities, as well as increasingly developed tertiary industries such as finance, commerce, tourism, advertising, and consulting services. All of this has produced a huge demand for prints. According to the development goals set out by the Press and Publication Administration's Development Plan for the Press and Publishing Industry in 2000 and 2001, the total number of printed copies of books and periodicals has grown at an average annual rate of 7%, and the total number of printed newspapers has grown at an average annual rate of 10%, indicating future market demand. A rapid growth trend.
In order to adapt the printing industry in Beijing to the development needs of the new century, 1. First of all, it actively promoted the reform of the joint-stock system of state-owned enterprises, encouraged the reorganization of assets between enterprises and enterprises, and made all the assets formed by the enterprise’s investors’ investment become legal property rights based on legal person qualifications, operating independently according to law, taking full responsibility for their own profits and losses, and independently enjoying civil rights. Take civil responsibility. 2. Advocate to support enterprises to increase technical investment, introduce new equipment, new technologies, and promote the cultivation and education of technical personnel. In order to adapt to the development trend of multi-variety, high-quality, and short-term development of modern social product structure, we actively promote the prevalence of pre-press technology to universally adopt the color desktop system. 3. Supporting large and medium-sized printing companies with conditions to gradually adopt internationally leading digital printing technology to speed up production, and to improve quality as a prerequisite to save production equipment, material consumption, manpower and space. 4. Improve the binding quality of publications in Beijing, shorten the gap between binding technology in developed regions and foreign countries, and encourage the use of advanced, high-quality, automated glue-binding production lines and hard-packed linkage lines. At the same time the development of advanced single-machine equipment to meet the needs of multi-species, small batch binding market, eliminating the flat production line, the old aging of the paper cutter, for the past five years to fully use the program to automatically control the paper cutting machine to guide the printing industry in Beijing Gradually digitized, networked, and automated. (Wang Huiyou, Printing Administration Division, Beijing Press and Publication Bureau) (reproduced from the "Press Release")
First, books, newspapers, magazines, packaging and printing technology have been fully developed. The development of book printing technology has deepened reform and opening up, and the number and variety of books, newspapers, magazines and other publications have gradually increased.
Beijing's printing companies strengthened their technological transformation in the early 1980s, and some large and medium-sized printing companies established manual photocopying workshops to make the transition from letterpress to offset printing. In the mid-1980s, the successful development of the Huaguang electron laser photocopying technology led to a leap of reform in China's photocopying technology, and the development of manual photocopying and laser photocopying technology, which drastically increased the amount of word arrangement. In the early 1990s, book printing companies basically eliminated the lead discharge process. Large and medium-sized enterprises generally adopted electronic laser photocopying technology and bid farewell to "lead and fire."
In terms of color platemaking, the printing industry in Beijing began to introduce electronic color separation machines in the mid-1960s. In the 1980s, different types of electronic color separation machines were introduced from Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan, which resulted in a major reform of the Beijing platemaking technology. The success of the color desktop printing system developed by Peking University Founder Group in the early 1990s broke the long-term monopoly of China's color printing market by foreign electronic color separation machines and raised China's domestic color plate making to a new level. Since the mid-1990s, Beijing has basically eliminated the pure electronic color separation process, completely changed the backwardness of the prepress color printing in Beijing, and raised the Beijing color platemaking technology to a level close to the world level, meeting the requirements of high-grade color printing products. .
The major reform of typesetting technology will inevitably bring about new breakthroughs in printing technology. With the promotion of laser photocopying technology, offset printing has continued to develop, and lead printing has been completed in the early 1990s. The Beijing book printing companies have eliminated all lead and lead printing at the end of the 20th century. At present, the color printing capability of multi-color offset presses of printing companies has fully met the needs of society, and the quality of printing has also been continuously improved.
Beijing's post-press processing technology began in the mid-1980s with the development of high-grade, high-precision, and sharp-headed processing in the country from the single variety to the first. In the 1990s, the company introduced the production line of hardcover bindings such as KOLBUS, Martini Paperback Wireless. The foreign equipment such as the glue-binding linkage production line and the foreign equipment are combined with multiple advanced single-machines at the same time, which meets the needs of the short-lived editions of the publication in Beijing, the large number of special editions, and the demand for elaborate products and hardcover books, greatly shortening the printing production cycle. Binding quality has greatly improved.
In the past 20 years, Beijing's book printing industry has made major achievements in the progress of printing, printing and packaging. The period of book publishing has been shortened from five months to 30 days (7-10 days in special cases). The quality of printed products has greatly improved, and the quality of some of the printed products has approached or reached the level of advanced countries and Hong Kong in China, and has been published in recent years. The great works "Encyclopedia of China," "Chinese Dictionary," and "Complete Collection of Chinese Fine Arts" have produced important influence at home and abroad.
2. Development of newspaper printing technology Beijing has centralized central ministries and commissions, universities and colleges, military and municipal major newspaper printing houses, and has been responsible for printing and binding tasks for 267 kinds of newspapers, 2,427 periodicals, and more than 1,200 internal information publications. China News Press Publication, Printing, Distribution Center. Since the "7th Five-Year Plan," the state has formulated a Beijing-centered news and newspaper printing technology transformation plan aimed at arming Beijing's major newspaper printing plants with the most advanced technology to meet the needs of the press and publishing industry. In the early 1980s, the People's Daily Printing Factory introduced an ultra-high speed offset printing press, which provided experience for Beijing to offset the newspaper. After 1985, Beijing Xinhua Printing Factory, Economic Daily Printing Factory, and Beijing Daily Printing Factory gradually adopted the laser photocopying system and eliminated the lead printing equipment. By the end of the 1980s, the Beijing Daily Printing Factory adopted laser photocopying to achieve the transition from heat to cold, from lead printing to offset printing. In recent years, advanced newspaper printing equipment has increased rapidly. The introduction of multi-color rotary offset presses has been the most prominent. The major and medium-sized machines that have been introduced successively include the world famous brand products such as Gaussian and Roland. After 20 years of technological transformation, Beijing newspaper printing plants have undergone earth-shaking changes. The volume of newspapers has increased, and color newspapers have been greatly developed, and they have continued to develop on both sides of color. The progress of printing technology in Beijing's newspapers has enabled Beijing's newspaper printing technology to approach the world's advanced level.
3. The development of packaging and printing technology In the past, packaging and printing in Beijing was lagging behind. The quality of products was low, the variety was poor, the technology and equipment were poor, and the production capacity was seriously inadequate. In order to adapt to the development of the socialist market economy, Beijing's packaging and printing industry has received the attention of the relevant government departments and spent huge sums of money to speed up the transformation of the technology. After 20 years of hard work, it has introduced thick-paper multi-color offset printing presses and high-grade unit type flexographic printing production lines. , electronic color separation machine, color desktop system, gravure printing machine, no film electronic engraving machine, corrugated paper electronic production line, and advanced technical finishing equipment, such as die-cutting indentation, gluing, polishing and other equipment, have greatly changed Beijing's packaging and printing industry has fallen behind. The production methods have shifted from the manual operation in the past to the development of mechanization and automation. The printing technology has been mainly printed by letterpress printing in the past, and has gradually changed into computer-based printing, multi-color offset printing, flexo printing, and gravure printing. It has also increased self-adhesive printing and screen printing. Printing, transfer printing, composite packaging printing, laser holographic printing and other new processes.
Beijing Packaging and Printing has now established a new industrial system with a relatively complete range of categories, divided into five major categories by product: printing, carton carton, printing cans, plastics and composite packaging, and carton processing machinery. The city's light industry, textile, food, tobacco and tobacco, medicine, daily chemical, clothing, electronics and other industries supporting services.
In recent years, under the drive of market demand, some printing and printing plants in Beijing have also adjusted their production structure and developed the packaging and decoration printing industry. Printing companies such as Beijing Offset Printing Factory, Beijing Xinhua Printing Factory, Beijing Printing One Factory, Beijing Foreign Language Printing Factory, Beijing Baihua Printing Co., Ltd., Chemical Industry Press Printing Factory, 1201 Factory, etc. have also introduced thick paper type to meet market demand. Offset printing presses, automatic die cutting machines, automatic folder-gluers, flexo printing production lines, etc., carried out color carton printing, trademark printing and other business, and also established some Sino-foreign joint venture packaging companies, so that Beijing packaging and decorating printing production capacity A new level.
4. The development of rapid printing technology After more than 20 years of development, Beijing rapid printing has gone from desktop offset printers, floor-standing offset printers, computer-controlled color offset printers to today's digital printing presses, and a wide variety of equipment and formats. .
At the beginning of the 1990s, international digital printing, Beijing has introduced multiple digital presses, which greatly developed the Beijing fast color printing market. However, due to the current import of digital printers and the relatively high prices of products, there is no fundamental impact on the light printing market, which is dominated by small offset printers. However, the development trend cannot be underestimated. Digital printing technology is bound to Instead of traditional offset printing.
After several major technological transformations and the introduction of climaxes, Beijing's printing industry has achieved considerable development despite significant improvements in its overall level. However, there are still problems. The overall level of printing technology and equipment as an international metropolis is still lower than that of developed countries. There is a big gap. The general level of printing quality of Beijing books and periodicals is not high, the level of low-level printing capacity is excessive, the high-quality color printing capacity is insufficient, and many high-grade prints have been exported to developed regions such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hong Kong. Most of the existing state-owned printing enterprises use prepress processing equipment. The rate is not high and there is insufficient living resources. There are still problems with individual varieties of books and textbooks.
The reasons are as follows: First, due to the large number of short-lived print jobs in the printing market in recent years, there have been a lot of changes in specifications, which has greatly reduced the utilization rate of high-speed bookbinding production lines and caused many imported binding lines to idle. The second is the binding of large batches of live sources into the outdated and technically backward binding factories in the Beijing area. These enterprises have used their cheap labor to manually bind books, resulting in a large number of poor quality books and periodicals.
The overall size of Beijing's packaging and printing industry is small, and its ability to produce high-end products is insufficient. The overall capacity of packaging and printing is incompatible with the status as an international metropolis and its rapid economic development.
Second, the development direction of Beijing printing industry in the new century The development of printing industry in Beijing is not only very necessary, but also has great market potential and unique conditions. Beijing is the political and cultural center of the country. It has centralized national, party, government, and military agencies, and major scientific research institutes. Beijing is the country's largest publishing base, with more than 40% of publishers in the country, 24% of periodical publications, and books. The type and volume of newspapers and periodicals publications account for about 20%-30% of the country; Beijing is the country's international communication center, which has gathered foreign diplomatic missions in China, more than 5,000 representative offices of foreign companies, and more than 10,000 foreign-funded enterprises. Each year, there are a large number of international and domestic conferences and exhibitions, as well as various economic, cultural, scientific and technological and commercial exchange activities, as well as increasingly developed tertiary industries such as finance, commerce, tourism, advertising, and consulting services. All of this has produced a huge demand for prints. According to the development goals set out by the Press and Publication Administration's Development Plan for the Press and Publishing Industry in 2000 and 2001, the total number of printed copies of books and periodicals has grown at an average annual rate of 7%, and the total number of printed newspapers has grown at an average annual rate of 10%, indicating future market demand. A rapid growth trend.
In order to adapt the printing industry in Beijing to the development needs of the new century, 1. First of all, it actively promoted the reform of the joint-stock system of state-owned enterprises, encouraged the reorganization of assets between enterprises and enterprises, and made all the assets formed by the enterprise’s investors’ investment become legal property rights based on legal person qualifications, operating independently according to law, taking full responsibility for their own profits and losses, and independently enjoying civil rights. Take civil responsibility. 2. Advocate to support enterprises to increase technical investment, introduce new equipment, new technologies, and promote the cultivation and education of technical personnel. In order to adapt to the development trend of multi-variety, high-quality, and short-term development of modern social product structure, we actively promote the prevalence of pre-press technology to universally adopt the color desktop system. 3. Supporting large and medium-sized printing companies with conditions to gradually adopt internationally leading digital printing technology to speed up production, and to improve quality as a prerequisite to save production equipment, material consumption, manpower and space. 4. Improve the binding quality of publications in Beijing, shorten the gap between binding technology in developed regions and foreign countries, and encourage the use of advanced, high-quality, automated glue-binding production lines and hard-packed linkage lines. At the same time the development of advanced single-machine equipment to meet the needs of multi-species, small batch binding market, eliminating the flat production line, the old aging of the paper cutter, for the past five years to fully use the program to automatically control the paper cutting machine to guide the printing industry in Beijing Gradually digitized, networked, and automated. (Wang Huiyou, Printing Administration Division, Beijing Press and Publication Bureau) (reproduced from the "Press Release")