The anti-counterfeiting of printing technology can not be separated from the precise printing machinery and the inks, papers and so on. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, if a high-precision printing equipment can be monopolized, others cannot or do not have sufficient financial resources to copy it, the printing anti-counterfeiting technology is fundamentally guaranteed. Commonly used techniques are as follows.
1, engraving plate. The carved plate is the main technique of early printing anti-counterfeiting, especially the hand-carved version, each carver has its own knife, style, unique skills, the depth, curvature, and angle of its carved lines are difficult for people to imitate. Realistic, it is difficult for him to make exactly the same version of the two, so this type of hand-carving itself has a security effect. With the development of machine-engraving plates, the development of computer-controlled machine engraving, electron beam engraving, photolithography, and laser engraving has broken the unrestricted exclusion zone. So in the engraving and then take the design of new, extremely complex, changeable, multi-level patterns, in order to resist the general copy. In 1982, the National Bank of Austrian Banknote Printing Plant was equipped with a computer-controlled flower ornament machine (CGM); in 1985, the English Banknote Printing Plant also installed a computer-aided design (CAD) system. In recent years, various countries have introduced similar systems, such as computer-controlled digital graphics security printing systems and various graphics software, which allows you to design a variety of intricate floral designs and geometric patterns on the screen for plate making. At present, in addition to currency and marketable securities, passports, various tickets, certificates, and cards also use computer-designed background patterns (shading).
2. Intaglio printing. The gravure image is lower than the layout of the printing plate, and the concave pattern has a difference of depth, so as to express the height of the graphic and the thickness of the ink. The printed pattern can be a three-dimensional image, with a strong sense of three-dimensionality and a clear hierarchy, with a sense of concavity and convexity touched by hand.
At the end of the 19th century, gravure printing technology was widely used when printing banknotes. By the middle of the 20th century, the printing of American and European countries mainly depended on monochrome gravure printing, and later there were multicolor gravure printing. Multi-color gravure color effects and rich images are difficult to imitate, so it has been widely used by the national banknote printing plant. Plates are hand-carved and mechanically or electron beam-engraved or corroded. The method of monochrome and multi-color plate making is the same. The difference is that for a consistent pattern, different colors of ink are applied in segments and the joining is very accurate. The printing is once printed on the ticket surface, which requires a superb craftsmanship. The level is generally difficult for the counterfeiter to achieve.
The portraits, line names, laces, braille points and denominations on the front of China’s RMB 50 and 100 vouchers and the national emblems, landscapes, laces, ethnic minority languages, denominations, and pinyin letters on the back are gravure printing.
3, rainbow printing (rainbow printing). The pattern of the main color or background is composed of different colors, but the lines or images of different colors are continuous transition, very natural, no obvious boundaries, such as the rainbow of various colors of the transition, Names. In China's printing industry, it is also called color separation printing. National banknotes use this technology. China's RMB hundred-vouchers' frontal background pattern has a natural transition from purple, blue to pink, and orange, which belongs to this technology. The RMB 50 positive background pattern changes from orange to green, blue, orange, brown and yellow. Rainbow printing.
4, pattern docking. This is a new process for shading, in two forms. First, the pattern is full-printed. After the currency or the bill is cut to the required size, the original pattern on the shading is incomplete on the edge of the currency or the bill, but if the two trimming edges are butted together, they can form a complete one. Patterns. For example, the 1990 edition of the Chinese version of the hundred yuan on the left and right sides of the shading pattern, the Hong Kong Bank HSBC issued a thousand yuan coupons that use this technology, the second is to print on the four sides of the ticket with a cut edge mark, the front of these signs folded, Lines fit perfectly, such as Dutch guilder bills.
5, to India. The part of the pattern on the back of the bank note or other bill reflected through the light and reconstructed into a complete new pattern. To be completely printed, such as the Hong Kong Standard Chartered Bank Hong Kong dollar under the face of the round pattern. Complementary pairs are printed in a D-shaped pattern on a German Mark banknote. Portrait pairs are printed on the back of a French franc. In the 1980 and 1990 editions of the Chinese version, RMB 5, RMB 2, and RMB 1 coupons were printed on the pattern next to the braille on the front left side.
6, wiring printing. When two or more colors appear on the same line of the face pattern, the discolored wirings are not separated and are not overlapped. To achieve such a connection, there must be superb and precise equipment and processes. Some countries in the former Soviet Union and Central Europe have used the wiring technology they call the Olof process, and they can also print multi-color wiring. In the past, this kind of wiring could only be used for offset printing. In 1957, China developed a flat-panel multi-color wiring printer. This function completed the exact docking of four color patterns at a time. In 1960, it was used to print the renminbi, and later the gravure wiring technique was pioneered.
7, multi-color printing. On the basis of wiring printing, the same pattern is superimposed with several color inks, thereby forming a variety of colors overlapping, colorful patterns, colorful. Because this is an advanced high-precision offset printing technology, it is generally difficult to copy.
8, microprinter (microletter printing). The tiny text is printed on the dashed or solid line that looks like an ordinary print. It can also be a component of a printed dot or shading pattern. Microscopic readings can be read when viewed with a magnifying glass or a stereomicroscope. Text or code, image. Microfilm printing is not only found on printed products, but also on security lines embedded in banknotes or passports for comprehensive anti-counterfeiting.
9, latent latent image (latent image). This is a kind of gravure shadow technology. It uses the principle of different reflections of horizontal and vertical lines by using two kinds of graphic and textual images made by different gravure lines in the horizontal and vertical lines. When the paper to be viewed is placed directly in front of the light source, the swell of the gravure line casts a shadow on the side of the backlight to become a visible image, otherwise only the graphic of the vertical line can be seen. This technology has been applied to passports in Canada, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Uruguay, Fiji and other countries. This technology is also used in the newly designed passport samples in China.
10. Hidden images. Utilizing the variability of the depth and depth of the machine engraving plate, the printed pattern is a graphic in a thick look, and hides one or more other images in a closer look. Such as 500 Swiss francs on the back of the scene, or in the graphic design, increase the subtle features of the image, these maps are easy to have an illusion when viewed with the naked eye, with photolithography or laser photocopying imitation, deformation, fuzzy, make certain features missing .
11, image mix anti-counterfeiting printing. The use of electronic program-controlled cameras allows the captured image to be intermixed, distorted, or overlapped with other images. Printed images must use a special decoder to identify the cause. Because the image is distorted, the printed product cannot be copied in color or copied using a general scanner. 12, computer laser holographic graphics. The laser with good correlation emitted from the laser is divided into two beams with the same wavelength, one beam is reflected on the object and is called object light; the other beam is reflected by the plane mirror and becomes the reference light, and it is directed at a certain angle. Negatives, where they interfere with the light. The bright and dark interference fringe recorded on the film can give a hologram that records the intensity and phase of the light wave of the subject. The hologram is then irradiated with the original reference beam. Because of the diffraction effect of light, the original object beam can be restored. Therefore, a realistic stereoscopic image of the object can be seen through the hologram, and the interference and hologram of the light can be described by a mathematical model. The formation of the hologram can be calculated by computer sampling. Using this kind of computer holography to design printed graphics originally, it is very difficult to copy because it is very fine, with more than 1,000 lines per millimeter and randomness.
1, engraving plate. The carved plate is the main technique of early printing anti-counterfeiting, especially the hand-carved version, each carver has its own knife, style, unique skills, the depth, curvature, and angle of its carved lines are difficult for people to imitate. Realistic, it is difficult for him to make exactly the same version of the two, so this type of hand-carving itself has a security effect. With the development of machine-engraving plates, the development of computer-controlled machine engraving, electron beam engraving, photolithography, and laser engraving has broken the unrestricted exclusion zone. So in the engraving and then take the design of new, extremely complex, changeable, multi-level patterns, in order to resist the general copy. In 1982, the National Bank of Austrian Banknote Printing Plant was equipped with a computer-controlled flower ornament machine (CGM); in 1985, the English Banknote Printing Plant also installed a computer-aided design (CAD) system. In recent years, various countries have introduced similar systems, such as computer-controlled digital graphics security printing systems and various graphics software, which allows you to design a variety of intricate floral designs and geometric patterns on the screen for plate making. At present, in addition to currency and marketable securities, passports, various tickets, certificates, and cards also use computer-designed background patterns (shading).
2. Intaglio printing. The gravure image is lower than the layout of the printing plate, and the concave pattern has a difference of depth, so as to express the height of the graphic and the thickness of the ink. The printed pattern can be a three-dimensional image, with a strong sense of three-dimensionality and a clear hierarchy, with a sense of concavity and convexity touched by hand.
At the end of the 19th century, gravure printing technology was widely used when printing banknotes. By the middle of the 20th century, the printing of American and European countries mainly depended on monochrome gravure printing, and later there were multicolor gravure printing. Multi-color gravure color effects and rich images are difficult to imitate, so it has been widely used by the national banknote printing plant. Plates are hand-carved and mechanically or electron beam-engraved or corroded. The method of monochrome and multi-color plate making is the same. The difference is that for a consistent pattern, different colors of ink are applied in segments and the joining is very accurate. The printing is once printed on the ticket surface, which requires a superb craftsmanship. The level is generally difficult for the counterfeiter to achieve.
The portraits, line names, laces, braille points and denominations on the front of China’s RMB 50 and 100 vouchers and the national emblems, landscapes, laces, ethnic minority languages, denominations, and pinyin letters on the back are gravure printing.
3, rainbow printing (rainbow printing). The pattern of the main color or background is composed of different colors, but the lines or images of different colors are continuous transition, very natural, no obvious boundaries, such as the rainbow of various colors of the transition, Names. In China's printing industry, it is also called color separation printing. National banknotes use this technology. China's RMB hundred-vouchers' frontal background pattern has a natural transition from purple, blue to pink, and orange, which belongs to this technology. The RMB 50 positive background pattern changes from orange to green, blue, orange, brown and yellow. Rainbow printing.
4, pattern docking. This is a new process for shading, in two forms. First, the pattern is full-printed. After the currency or the bill is cut to the required size, the original pattern on the shading is incomplete on the edge of the currency or the bill, but if the two trimming edges are butted together, they can form a complete one. Patterns. For example, the 1990 edition of the Chinese version of the hundred yuan on the left and right sides of the shading pattern, the Hong Kong Bank HSBC issued a thousand yuan coupons that use this technology, the second is to print on the four sides of the ticket with a cut edge mark, the front of these signs folded, Lines fit perfectly, such as Dutch guilder bills.
5, to India. The part of the pattern on the back of the bank note or other bill reflected through the light and reconstructed into a complete new pattern. To be completely printed, such as the Hong Kong Standard Chartered Bank Hong Kong dollar under the face of the round pattern. Complementary pairs are printed in a D-shaped pattern on a German Mark banknote. Portrait pairs are printed on the back of a French franc. In the 1980 and 1990 editions of the Chinese version, RMB 5, RMB 2, and RMB 1 coupons were printed on the pattern next to the braille on the front left side.
6, wiring printing. When two or more colors appear on the same line of the face pattern, the discolored wirings are not separated and are not overlapped. To achieve such a connection, there must be superb and precise equipment and processes. Some countries in the former Soviet Union and Central Europe have used the wiring technology they call the Olof process, and they can also print multi-color wiring. In the past, this kind of wiring could only be used for offset printing. In 1957, China developed a flat-panel multi-color wiring printer. This function completed the exact docking of four color patterns at a time. In 1960, it was used to print the renminbi, and later the gravure wiring technique was pioneered.
7, multi-color printing. On the basis of wiring printing, the same pattern is superimposed with several color inks, thereby forming a variety of colors overlapping, colorful patterns, colorful. Because this is an advanced high-precision offset printing technology, it is generally difficult to copy.
8, microprinter (microletter printing). The tiny text is printed on the dashed or solid line that looks like an ordinary print. It can also be a component of a printed dot or shading pattern. Microscopic readings can be read when viewed with a magnifying glass or a stereomicroscope. Text or code, image. Microfilm printing is not only found on printed products, but also on security lines embedded in banknotes or passports for comprehensive anti-counterfeiting.
9, latent latent image (latent image). This is a kind of gravure shadow technology. It uses the principle of different reflections of horizontal and vertical lines by using two kinds of graphic and textual images made by different gravure lines in the horizontal and vertical lines. When the paper to be viewed is placed directly in front of the light source, the swell of the gravure line casts a shadow on the side of the backlight to become a visible image, otherwise only the graphic of the vertical line can be seen. This technology has been applied to passports in Canada, Sweden, the Czech Republic, Uruguay, Fiji and other countries. This technology is also used in the newly designed passport samples in China.
10. Hidden images. Utilizing the variability of the depth and depth of the machine engraving plate, the printed pattern is a graphic in a thick look, and hides one or more other images in a closer look. Such as 500 Swiss francs on the back of the scene, or in the graphic design, increase the subtle features of the image, these maps are easy to have an illusion when viewed with the naked eye, with photolithography or laser photocopying imitation, deformation, fuzzy, make certain features missing .
11, image mix anti-counterfeiting printing. The use of electronic program-controlled cameras allows the captured image to be intermixed, distorted, or overlapped with other images. Printed images must use a special decoder to identify the cause. Because the image is distorted, the printed product cannot be copied in color or copied using a general scanner. 12, computer laser holographic graphics. The laser with good correlation emitted from the laser is divided into two beams with the same wavelength, one beam is reflected on the object and is called object light; the other beam is reflected by the plane mirror and becomes the reference light, and it is directed at a certain angle. Negatives, where they interfere with the light. The bright and dark interference fringe recorded on the film can give a hologram that records the intensity and phase of the light wave of the subject. The hologram is then irradiated with the original reference beam. Because of the diffraction effect of light, the original object beam can be restored. Therefore, a realistic stereoscopic image of the object can be seen through the hologram, and the interference and hologram of the light can be described by a mathematical model. The formation of the hologram can be calculated by computer sampling. Using this kind of computer holography to design printed graphics originally, it is very difficult to copy because it is very fine, with more than 1,000 lines per millimeter and randomness.
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