Paper-like display media The paper-like display media developed by Canon was still in the primary sample price segment, and no related production plans have been announced so far. The basic concept is the same as that of SmartPaper smart paper and electronic ink: high contrast soft display materials do not require continuous use of electrical energy before changing display contents. The electrostatically charged micro-sized toner particles are dispersed in the liquid and sealed between two flexible plastic sheets, and the pixels are determined by pairs of electrodes. One electrode covers almost the entire pixel display surface, while the other electrode has a narrow stripe shape. The large electrode surface is covered with a white reflective layer. If the toner is black, the electrostatically charged toner is applied to one of the electrodes (depending on the positive and negative charges) when the voltage is applied. If the toner sinks on the narrow electrodes, most of the pixel display surface appears and emits light. As the opposite charge pulls the toner to the large electrode, the pixel display surface is darkened because the entire surface is covered by the toner. The toner distribution is also stable after the charge disappears, so the image can be stored for a long time before it is decided to replace the image. The pixel pitch is 120 microns and the resolution is about 210 dpi. Canon did not mention the possibility of grayscale display, but said that in the future, CMYK toner can be used to achieve multi-layer color display.
Animation and Luminous Performance Another important future display technology is organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display technology, specifically a thin plastic sheet with a full-color light emission range that can be used for static or dynamic light-emitting image display. These OLED sheets are controlled by thin-film-transistor TFT electrodes (analogous to electrodes used in liquid crystal displays. However, they are unstable in performance and require the use of electric energy for displaying images. The new OLED sheet will be used first in portable computers using batteries and in High-resolution color display devices for various instruments, televisions, and mobile phones. Large-format display systems may also be introduced in the future, and OLED sheets have a three-dimensional display perspective.
Soft display materials do not perform as well as electronic inks because OLED polymers are susceptible to deterioration by water and oxygen. The first samples were made of a glass protective layer and did not have a flexible texture. At present, research and development of non-permeable transparent soft plastics are being vigorously studied.
Compared with the liquid crystal display material, the OLED sheet has a larger contrast, a better color rendering range (compared with a cathode ray tube CRT), a wider viewing angle, and a low power consumption, and no backlight is needed. The image update speed is 100-1000 times faster than the boule display material. The OLED sheet can also have a larger display surface area than the plasma display, but the cost is very low.
OLED is a generic term for two major technologies. One of the technologies is a molecular grade organic polymer film that emits light when charged. Kodak, Sanyo, Pioneer, Motorola and others are developing the film and have already applied it to mobile phones and car audio displays.
British developer Cambridge Display Technologies (CDT) is currently developing another new technology called Light Emitting Polymer (LEP). Steward Hough, Business Development Manager at CDT, said that LEP display circuits can be printed using improved screen printing, gravure, flexo, and inkjet technologies. In December 2001, CDT acquired Grett Imaging Technology Inc. as an inkjet software development company, Litrex. The company's technical expertise is inkjet head control technology for high resolution printing. Mr. Hough said: "There are still many basic technologies that need to be developed. There is currently no large-format display manufacturing process. According to Mr. Hough, the specifications of the first generation of LEP display cards may be about 66 x 66cm.
Seiko-Epson has developed TV samples with LEP displays. Flipura is also developing its own new display technology. Later in 2001, he published an article in the journal Nature that focused on a low-cost, high-performance, low-power TFT liquid crystal display technology. This new technology has the contrast of paper printing inks, good viewing angles and video-like update speeds. To date, the company has developed 5.1 x 5.1 cm with 256 gray levels and a pixel density of 64 x 64 display materials. Although a glass surface is used, a soft display effect can also be obtained.
Printable new materials In addition to the above two display materials, there is a new material for the battery, which is soft and thin and can be directly printed on the surface of the display substrate. Gyricon has already shown interest in this material. The new battery material was developed by Power Paper Technology of Tel Aviv, Israel and will allow printers with suitable equipment to undertake the printing of this new material.
The new battery technology developed by Israeli Power Paper is a “shellless†1.5-volt five-layer battery that can be printed, attached or laminated on the surface of paper, plastic or other materials. Its thickness is 0.5mm, the voltage is 1.5V, and the power per square centimeter is 2.3mA. In other words, the larger the printing area, the greater the amount of electricity. The area of ​​900 square centimeters is equivalent to the power of one AA battery. However, the use of many electronic ink technologies is much lower than this level. The production cost is about one pound, and the raw materials for production are non-toxic (zinc and magnesium dioxide) and are harmless to the environment.
Rechargeable "shellless" batteries will be available in approximately one year. At the same time, there is currently an exchangeable Power Paper battery stick that is available. International Paper Company has signed a production agreement for the development of a series of "e-package" products. It will use Power Paper batteries as its built-in LED display surface, sound chips, and temperature monitors and displays for frozen foods. Power International Paper International predicts that within three years the company will produce 500 million electronic packaging products for all commodities including fried potato chips and home electronics.
Basic Equipment Issues New technology developers must answer some very critical questions before customers can value their new products and use them as substitutes for print. Resolution, time-to-use, investment in production equipment, relative to the cost of ordinary print or other display materials, etc., all of which play a decisive role in the ability of our customers to accept new technologies.
If all goes well, then electronic ink and OLED technology will pose the fiercest impact on the printing market since laser and ink jet digital printing technology pose challenges to screen printing and plain printing.
Russ Wilcox, one of E Ink's founders and vice president of the company, said: "Print is the medium of simulation. The rest of the world is moving towards digital. Paper needs new development, and we can provide this This technology [English] Simon Eccles
Animation and Luminous Performance Another important future display technology is organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display technology, specifically a thin plastic sheet with a full-color light emission range that can be used for static or dynamic light-emitting image display. These OLED sheets are controlled by thin-film-transistor TFT electrodes (analogous to electrodes used in liquid crystal displays. However, they are unstable in performance and require the use of electric energy for displaying images. The new OLED sheet will be used first in portable computers using batteries and in High-resolution color display devices for various instruments, televisions, and mobile phones. Large-format display systems may also be introduced in the future, and OLED sheets have a three-dimensional display perspective.
Soft display materials do not perform as well as electronic inks because OLED polymers are susceptible to deterioration by water and oxygen. The first samples were made of a glass protective layer and did not have a flexible texture. At present, research and development of non-permeable transparent soft plastics are being vigorously studied.
Compared with the liquid crystal display material, the OLED sheet has a larger contrast, a better color rendering range (compared with a cathode ray tube CRT), a wider viewing angle, and a low power consumption, and no backlight is needed. The image update speed is 100-1000 times faster than the boule display material. The OLED sheet can also have a larger display surface area than the plasma display, but the cost is very low.
OLED is a generic term for two major technologies. One of the technologies is a molecular grade organic polymer film that emits light when charged. Kodak, Sanyo, Pioneer, Motorola and others are developing the film and have already applied it to mobile phones and car audio displays.
British developer Cambridge Display Technologies (CDT) is currently developing another new technology called Light Emitting Polymer (LEP). Steward Hough, Business Development Manager at CDT, said that LEP display circuits can be printed using improved screen printing, gravure, flexo, and inkjet technologies. In December 2001, CDT acquired Grett Imaging Technology Inc. as an inkjet software development company, Litrex. The company's technical expertise is inkjet head control technology for high resolution printing. Mr. Hough said: "There are still many basic technologies that need to be developed. There is currently no large-format display manufacturing process. According to Mr. Hough, the specifications of the first generation of LEP display cards may be about 66 x 66cm.
Seiko-Epson has developed TV samples with LEP displays. Flipura is also developing its own new display technology. Later in 2001, he published an article in the journal Nature that focused on a low-cost, high-performance, low-power TFT liquid crystal display technology. This new technology has the contrast of paper printing inks, good viewing angles and video-like update speeds. To date, the company has developed 5.1 x 5.1 cm with 256 gray levels and a pixel density of 64 x 64 display materials. Although a glass surface is used, a soft display effect can also be obtained.
Printable new materials In addition to the above two display materials, there is a new material for the battery, which is soft and thin and can be directly printed on the surface of the display substrate. Gyricon has already shown interest in this material. The new battery material was developed by Power Paper Technology of Tel Aviv, Israel and will allow printers with suitable equipment to undertake the printing of this new material.
The new battery technology developed by Israeli Power Paper is a “shellless†1.5-volt five-layer battery that can be printed, attached or laminated on the surface of paper, plastic or other materials. Its thickness is 0.5mm, the voltage is 1.5V, and the power per square centimeter is 2.3mA. In other words, the larger the printing area, the greater the amount of electricity. The area of ​​900 square centimeters is equivalent to the power of one AA battery. However, the use of many electronic ink technologies is much lower than this level. The production cost is about one pound, and the raw materials for production are non-toxic (zinc and magnesium dioxide) and are harmless to the environment.
Rechargeable "shellless" batteries will be available in approximately one year. At the same time, there is currently an exchangeable Power Paper battery stick that is available. International Paper Company has signed a production agreement for the development of a series of "e-package" products. It will use Power Paper batteries as its built-in LED display surface, sound chips, and temperature monitors and displays for frozen foods. Power International Paper International predicts that within three years the company will produce 500 million electronic packaging products for all commodities including fried potato chips and home electronics.
Basic Equipment Issues New technology developers must answer some very critical questions before customers can value their new products and use them as substitutes for print. Resolution, time-to-use, investment in production equipment, relative to the cost of ordinary print or other display materials, etc., all of which play a decisive role in the ability of our customers to accept new technologies.
If all goes well, then electronic ink and OLED technology will pose the fiercest impact on the printing market since laser and ink jet digital printing technology pose challenges to screen printing and plain printing.
Russ Wilcox, one of E Ink's founders and vice president of the company, said: "Print is the medium of simulation. The rest of the world is moving towards digital. Paper needs new development, and we can provide this This technology [English] Simon Eccles
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